Introduction: Homemade CNC Router Build

Hello and warm welcome to all instructables community...............

If you like our project than delight don't forget to vote,Share & follow me for more projects.The unconditioned cost of this build is around $550.

Then this time I presenting my 7th project which is a CNC router machine ahead of you.

This is the toughest stick out for Maine among all of my previous builds and also consumes my good deal of money and fourth dimension, but the destruction result brings a huge smile on my face when I adage the complete build. I have never made whatsoever CNC machine ever and even didn't make any project regarding electronics. When I saw the end resultant role I have no actor's line to express that moment. I cogitate a person who dreamed to have a CNC made aside himself, taught by himself throne understand my feelings.

The whole bod journey of my CNC have many ups and downs. I have a little bit cognition about CNC auto like how they work, what are the things needed to throw a CNC machine, what type of parts put-upon to make a CNC machine. Before starting this send off, I know that this is very difficult project for me but even than I took a risk to bod my own CNC machine because its my dream and I want to fulfill it at any cost.

Before started building this machine I research a pile at you tube, watch many CNC builds videos and all of them are of divergent designs and dimensions. So rather than coping them I decided to make my own plan which makes me comfortable during my build and because of that I victimised wood quite than metal to pee my CNC.I know IT have a disadvantage that it absorb moisture and deform clock to time but it's easy to work soh I Decided to go with IT because I possess to paint it in my own people of colour theme which will definitely forbid moisture absorption.

The overall stinging area of my machine is 760 mm X 670 millimeter X 180 millimetre.
During this build I damaged some of my electronics parts. I hope you backside learn some important things from my project and prevent accidental damage to your electronics component. During the frame build I likewise do mistakes many sentence but I used wood for my CNC material body so didn't fazed me anymore. If you are using metal than make up careful patc making arms design and gantry because in my guinea pig I make many another mistakes while makings gauntry and arms these needs to comprise rigid because complete machine calculate upon this gantry arm. During this project tour I show you my mistakes and also the improvements you pot ready-made with your machine.

Step 1: Basic Concept and Design

A CNC router (Or Figurer Numerical Control router) is a calculator-obsessed cutting machine in which hand held router victimised for cutting various hard materials, so much as Grant Wood, aluminium, steel, plastics, and foams etc.

There are basically five different types of CNC machines:
1. CNC Plasma Cutting Machine.

2. CNC Optical maser Cutting Machine.

3. CNC Milling Machine.

4. CNC Router Machine.

5. CNC Lathe Machine.

Although plasm & laser cutting CNC looks similar simply the differences between plasm,flame and optical maser cutting. CNC Flame cutting political machine: information technology is a type cutting equipment that utilise brag with O or gasoline in metal materials with oxygen sliced. Laser shaft of light to the work piece surface, reach melting tip or boiling point.in laser cutting most of case CO2 laser used.

I made CNC router machine whose basal concept is exchangeable to milling machine.it has vertical machining shopping centre having movements in 3 directions x, y & z. A hand held router is affianced to its Z axis which is victimized for doing machining.

For the movement in X, Y & Z direction I used 12mm clod screw propeller + orchis crank, 16mm linear road and linear barring's and stepper motors. Thither are also another methods you can use for the movement of your axis. Instead than using ball screw you can also use belt driven method, you lav besides use rack and quill feather method for the movement of your axis. You can use these alternate methods for large area CNC and even for small area CNC. Main disadvantage of ball ass is that it comes in fixed length and difficult to find information technology in longer duration more than one-meter.

Stepper motors comes in different shapes and sizes and also they throw dissimilar torque. In my case I used nema 23 stepper motors which generates 10kgm torque to run my machine and the board I put-upon to run the motors is 3 axis vertebra driver board TB-6560.It is a chines board which unequalled is able to run all motors. For the power add I used 24v D.C. power supply.

For design purpose you can use any type of design reported to your mental imagery or you can find bunch of design on google only here i posted my own design.The Dog file contains every last axis draft including holes position.Unfortunately I lost my sketchup file which include all data which I used in CNC making simply i posted some images showing you every the detail.If you have any doubt I am always feel joyous to help you.I hope drawing clears your questions

Maltreat 2: Mechanical Corporate &ere; Hardware In use

I purchased my corporeal & Hardware from Aliexpress.com.here you can find every item at really low cost.earlier ordering any item from Aliexpress first hold your local hardware store, may be you could get these hardware at sleazy price in your local anaesthetic hardware store.

Here in this stride I am showing you all the parts which I used in my cnc qualification. Although you rear end prefer bigger size of simple rod and ball screw to minimize lax because thicker the size of linear rod and ball screw minimum the sag occur. Following are the things old by Pine Tree State: -

1) Linear bearings with kibosh

2) Ball jazz with Nut

3) Additive rod

4) Ball Nut housing

5) Linear rod supports

6) Spider coupling

7) Pillow bearing 10mm

8) Pillow bearing 8mm

9) Thread inserts

10) L tip over

11) Square organ pipe

12) Alen cap cheat

13) Alen cap have sex

14) Sir Henry Joseph Wood glue

15) wood screw

16) Plywood

17) Pine woods

18) Blusher

Bill of material for Mechanical items

Step 3: Electrical Spares Used

Following is the list of Electrical scrimpy used by me

1. Tosiba TB6560 3 Axis Driver Circuit board

2. Mean Well NES-350-24V Power supply

3. Nema 23 Stepper motive

4. 3 core and 4 core telegraph

5. Mother circuit board

6. Toggle Switch over

7. Push Button

8. Rocker Switch

9. Hard Movement

10. DDR2 ram

11. Power Supply

12.3 immobilize & 4 flag connector

13. shrinkable sleeves

14. Wire

15. Exhaust Fan

16. Monitor

17. Keyboard & Mouse

Here is the Bill of Material for physical phenomenon spare used

Step 4: Tool Used

Here I posted pictures of tools used during my entire project. Although there is an alternate of some tools. You fanny choose set of tools according to your own need. Following are the tools which I used during my smooth project.

1. Miter byword

2. Gigue saw

3. Table saw

4. Palm router

5. Drill press

6. Electrify strippers &adenosine monophosphate; pliers

7. Hand drill

8. Welding machine (for metal work)

9. Practice session bits &A; hole power saw (according to your own need)

10. Grinder & cutting bicycle

11. Basic woodworking hand tools.

12. Soldering iron

13. Paint gun surgery aerosol bomb too be used as an alternate.

14. Disc sander

15. Set square

Step 5: Y-bloc

In starting building CNC the get-go thing you have to physique is y-bloc, which here is the main couc of my CNC and the material I used is 36mm thick pine wood and width of wood is 8". Although it wasn't the hardest wood but if you are exit to use of goods and services wood than prefer hard Sir Henry Joseph Wood.

(Note: -These dimensions derriere embody change according to your ball screw and linear rods. Dimensions I used for my build are non perfect you butt slightly increase these lengths. It would be solid if you buy out those rods and ball screw and then cut your wood line to require duration.)

Dimension of wood secondhand for frames

Two longer side=1180mm

Two shorter English=1080mm

If you don't want to consumption wood than you may use MDF operating theater Ply wood aside sandwiching them and make a thick spell. Infrastructure needs to be heavy. For the joinery you can utilise any type of joint but in my opinion mortise and Tenon joint because it provides more constancy and rigidity to your Y-axis. Your Y-axis needs to be square as possible because complete CNC depends upon it. Try to make it as perfect as possible.

Tallness of frame plays important role in structure because along this running road holders and pillow bearing are mounted on this frame and col between linear road and ball screw play's momentous role, if gap is less it reduces the stability of X-axis.

Here you can clearly date in the images.

Step out 6: ​Gantry Weaponry & X-Axis

Making of arms for gantry and X-axis is another major important pace in CNC building. In this step the main objective is to defecate CNC gantry as rigid as possible. For the design purpose you can make any type of designing only you have to take give care of rigidness. For the incarnate side I choose ply rather than wood because it has more resistant towards moisture and I have scrap objet d'art of ply left over from my preceding imag having laminate glued on it

During this axis my first attempt was result in a failure.The images posted first are result of failure and afterwards that you can clearly see the improvements.The main reason of rejecting first plan was because of imbalance.The blazonry bottom region was not sufficiently wide that information technology curst its rigidity.So if you are designing arm then be careful with the purpose. Wider the arm less cutting area you get and contrariwise.

If you want more cutting quad in your CNC political machine and to obtain that infinite, you decrease the seat width of gauntry branch than information technology will definitely loses its stability during drift. I am telling you these things because I knowledgeable these things spell qualification gantry. In these project you can see I made to successful two designs of gauntry arms.

You can easily find the drawback of my design which I rejected. I made that design because I desire more cutting distance. Although I succeeded in acquiring the more space but unfortunately it wasn't rigid enough and then I prefer second one.

When you made your design gear up information technology would be good to take printout in Bounder in 1:1 and affixed that templet on your work piece. If you want right pieces of two arms it would equal good to sandwich both pieces of wood or board and cut them simultaneously to make two of photographic same size and dimensions. If you are qualification some different design than I suggest you not to micturate your gantry build up to a fault curvy because if you have straight border it would be well-off to glue templet more accurately than a rounded edge arms.

For cutting straight lines hear to use bulb-shaped saw. If you have curvy orbit than you can use fretsaw to cut those parts you can use up even striation saw but I don't have band saw so I use jigsaw to cut that round part. Don't sheared to the claim shape just cut information technology by giving some room for hand sanding. For the sanding of serpentine part, I use polish up bottle, wrap the sand paper around that and start sanding and after sanding for few minutes I got what I wanted. A nice gantry arms.

Step 7: Z-Axis vertebra

Same matter happened in this case.Only the intent was not wrong , only problem was that I ma not getting more cutting space in Z-bloc.The photo uploaded first have limited stabbing deepness.But the inalterable design provide more than depth of cut. The images i posted realise your doubts.Although I forget to click final photograph of Z-axis during the building metre but information technology wasn't too complicated.Photograph clears all.

Making the Z-axis Is not so challenging task in CNC making. In this project I successful ii type of Z-bloc. The major difference between both of the axis is that one is having varying reach and other is having varying reach.

Z-axis doesn't bear any complex condition only don't cut it too early because it volition devolve on gauntry arms. You have to make implements of war first and and then make the Z-axis. You undergo to take linear rod little bit thick than what I have Because if your z-axis made little bit heavy than rods didn't sag too a good deal. Although I manage to forestall sagging in my eccentric away making z-axis vertebra light as possible.

Now in the images which I provided below you can see two entirely different designs. In both case working is entirely otherwise.

In the images you ass see completely two unlike construction of Z-axis.

Step 8: Gluing the Templates

Templets plays indispensable role in CNC devising. Before making any templet you have a itty-bitty bit knowledge about the parts used in the cnc manufacturing like linear rods holder, pillow bearing and linear armorial bearing and also at what outstrip their holes are located. Although you can determine their varying attribute on the basis of their size in charts.

With the help of those charts and part dimensions you bathroom gear up your own templates like I do. Exterior perimeter of these parts are not indispensable while making templates merely proper space between holes are needed to take great care.

While making any typewrite of templets you always make a reference line in the center of your drawing to align it perfectly because IT will help you a good deal while you are gluing IT on the wood. In the downstairs images you can control clearly that how I use those reference lines to align my templates. If you hold to make a bigger template than reference lines are also important to properly align those templates and make a bigger one. Here I use square by taking one side as a cite and align my guide and I double these steps for all character of projects. You can see that I also use clips to hold my template to its desired place temporarily, if I was content with it then I started gluing it in parts.

For gluing templates, you can use spray glue, wood glue or paper glue like I use in my project because it's very undemanding to apply and withdraw.

Stone's throw 9: Oil production Holes and Inserting Thread Inserts

Oil production holes for fasteners is the easiest and critical part in CNC fashioning. Don't take this step lightly because if you do this wrong your bearing and other parts are unable to acceptable at exact position.

So whenever you are trying to make holes for fastening it is requirement to center punch according to your guide. This will prevent the drill bit move and provides direction to your puppet. Don't exercise hand drill for oil production holes in CNC making. Always tried to prefer bench drill to do this undertaking. Father't take it softly other you will ruination your entire send off because drilling square holes is needed.

At some place I bore some holes for mounting pillow bearingand linear rod holder and then tighten M5 thread inserts.From images you can see how I consumption them to fasten my fitting with base frame, arms and some other areas.

Step 10: Motor Mounting Spacers & Router Mounting

Although you can use already bod spacers available in the market operating room you can make them past ain. In my case I made the spacer block by my own and then adorned motors happening them.

This is also a matter about which I didn't mean during designing. For the material choice, I choose ply sheet cut them into required dimensions and so with the help of hole adage I drill some holes More than the size of the drive coupling then make a cut for accessing screw used for tightening the coupling to the ball screw and motor.

For router mounting I sandwich cardinal pieces of run and practice templet and with the help of gob saw and saber saw I hewn it depressed according to the required plan.

Step 11: Installing

In this step I told you how to install posture with the arms and other part.I am showing this in Z-axis because process is same for altogether axis.First thing you have to do is that string up those analog rod on the rod holders and tighten them but don't leave to insert the bearing in the gat. Align those aim in this position where you want to put in. Then hang that piece which you want to attach.Don't tighten them too tight give many place and ever install screw diagonally. Don't screw it with the ball nut living accommodations or do the ball screw installation late so that you can final your this footstep first.Forthwith attach all the nookie but keep them lose.Now part with tighten them one by one and unwinding them endorse and fro repeatedly. Be sure that your charge sustain a very smooth movement.Aside doing this you can magistrate that which screw creating trouble and so you can leave that one and tighten the strange one. If you are fulfil with the movement than you can fasten the ball nut thereupon dowry.

For the installation of the baseboard I install 2"X3/4" thick cater 1.5" down from the upper around complete four side and so that my board can sit down in that flush throughout all sides.For motive mounting I successful my own spacers having hole inside information technology. This livelong is old for tighten the coupling to the motors.

Step 12: CNC Base Stand With Leveling Provision

To support whole structure and provide a rigid found to the

political machine top I use metal digest rather than using wood because IT provides more strength.

For the expression of the table I habit box pipe and steel angel Some having 2"X2" dimension. For the cutting of tilt according to required length I used molar and metal press clipping wheel (prefer chop up saw for the cutting of your metal stock). It gives you uncontaminating bring down and its very easygoing to join during the welding process.

For the joinery, I used arc welding machine and Nary: -10 welding rods. To fit my machine into the base you can see that how I utilisation the frame to take the reference for my bottom frame and so tack weld the joints. Afterward that remove the it from frame and clean the rest of welding.

If you have holding magnets than its very easy to weld the legs to the slant frame. Preceptor't do the absolute welding at once. First do the tack Theodore Dwight Weld and then complete the remaining welded joints. For the adjustable meridian of the unit stand I used 16 mm bolts welded at the base of the legs so that when you turn the bolts it lift and down and keep your table in level.

Step 13: Material and Ingredient Used for Making Controller.

Although the choice of material depends upon you and your design. There are so many industrial design of CNC Controller you can also check them connected net to improve your personal conception. Frankly I didn't see any design. I am saying this not for winning credit as a matter of fact it's the true truth. When I completed my build, and started making the text file for the project then I come to know that my design is almost mistakable to the professional design. Following are the material used by me in controller making.

1) Ply sheet

2) Wood glue

3) Nookie

4) Paint

5) Gumption paper

Following are the list of electrical component used for the control making

1) Motherboard

2) Power supply

3) Driver card

4) Driver card power supply

5) Deplete fan

6) Rocker Shift

7) On/off switch Switch

8) Push Push button

9) 4 pin & 3 pin Connector

Step 14: CNC Controller

There are indeed many another things in my cnc which I didn't design as a matter of fact they are just discovered past me this control panel sustain the synoptic situation. This is the contribution of CNC which I ne'er entertain when I started this project because my thinking was that I use of goods and services cpu locker and pee-pee it like that I fit some components inside it but it doesn't full fill my all necessaries. I also undergo an used dead screen which I think to use for my CNC and I repaired it by changing any transistors and in real time the screen is ready for the use.

When I started to correspond my components in one body my first approximation was to make a drawer underneath the CNC postpone in which all the components are installed but the idea didn't suit me. Then I definite to piss my own cabinet made up of ply. But again, there is some issue with the screen door mounting. Then I distinct to make a hybrid of drawer and cabinet having tradition screen mounting over it. This idea full fill my wholly needs than I arrange all the physics component in such a way that they consume as less space as possible. I don't want to survive like a normal boxwood so I made a custom candle front panel which decidedly increases its beauty. I made the controller in double layer to get rid of all electrical wiring because if it's on the upper fortune than it looks much untidy.

The anterior destiny of the storage locker contains whol the controls of the components installed in the storage locker. The drawback of the design is that information technology doesn't contain any vent for the hot air removal so in the front portion I made a muddle in which I installed the fan which is an AC fan and have more deplete.

Step 15: Controller Components Installing and Wiring

The controller doesn't have too overmuch space because I made it look small and portable thusly now the main work is to assemble the components in the custom-successful cabinet. For the motherboard, I cut some area behind the cabinet to fit IO shield prat the cabinet. After that I fit baron supply of the electronic computer having fan face outdoor. I mode the power supply by solder threesome wire from inside and colligate it internally with the power supply. I also mount a button to on/off the CPU power.

Now next to the mightiness supply I successful two slots for the VGA connector and D-25 PIN connector. This is the rank where TB-6560 dining table is connected. This is the main brainiac of the CNC. For the CPU motherboard, I use my old frontech display board having core2duo in it. Too, information technology has 2 GB of ddr2 ram.

Moving toward the front broadside I installed power provision of the cnc motherboard. Succeeding to that on that point is 18-watt Ac buff for exhaust and then next thereto thither is Samsung 160 GB severely campaign. For the electrical wiring, I practise at the bottom of the panel to hide altogether the wires so that it looks clean. All component is connected to separate permutation.

At the back English of the cabinet at that place are 5 connectors each having different role. The 3-small connector is used for the motor signals and cardinal bigger one are used for the main powerfulness and to provide power to the router.

For the port of CNC board, you can realize how I take the book of fact of the ports then transfer that happening the covering tape and usance that tape to cut outs the vent on the back panel. For conjunctive wires to the panel, I utilized some block to connect the wire right so that IT will ne'er get damaged. For the joints, I used solder and shrinkable sleeves to pass wate joint more firm and protected. I as wel used hot glue to batten wire at its personal billet and make it insulated to minimize shortish-racing circuit.

For the independent hub of power supply I used a connector where all the supply dispersed to the switches, from there it goes in the component as per the circuit is made.

Step 16: ControllerStand and Led Climb

After qualification controller l now the job occurs that where you bet to mount that along the machine. After designing and finding some old scrap I decided to lay down a stomach in L shape above which a home is mounted and on that plate, I screwed my control from the bottomland. Directly the entirely assembly adorned happening its own part stand.

For the Led screen, I made a u shape design having small piece of metallic element welded along its top. Then I ready-made a unharmed inside it for screen mounting. In real time I carefully trained a whole in led screen stand and fasten it with the aid of bolt.

Now the auto looks complete and makes Maine feel chesty.

Step 17: Software Used & Software Settings

I used Artsoft Mach3 software.Mach 3 change over your PC into 6 bloc CNC controller.i used only 3 Axis (X,Y, & Z).but you can go on the far side 3 Axis level with your immagination &adenylic acid; knowledge.the programming in Mach 3 surgery in CNC is comprised G code & M code with Mach 3 you can figure &adenylic acid; go for codes to your programs.Mach 3 interface can be highly customizable.merely in that package slim bit CAD/CAM knowledge is must.later installing software you dismiss improve productiveness by turning your Microcomputer into CNC controller. you can moment file in JPG,BMP,DXF,HPGL files with lazy Cam River software.if you don't want to learn G codes & M codes.you give the axe straight off convert your DXF file to G code with the assist of Lazycam.

you ass download Mach 3 & Lazy Cam River software from this Link:-

Mach 3

Lazy Cam River Software

I have also uploaded my Router settings in (MACH 3).Promise theses settings will also industrial plant for you.

Pace 18: ​Screenin Painting & Sanding

This step is only for those populate World Health Organization in truth want to turn over their CNC a Custom look. For Painting, anything you just need to know some basic steps of painting. Following are the worldly used for painting purpose.

1. Spray Gun.

2. Paint brush

3. Undercoat

4. Sanding paper (100,200,400 Sand)

5. Diluent

6. Key

7. Masking paper

8. Wood filler

Before starting my blusher work I Amandine Aurore Lucie Dupin of everything with moxie paper than apply unitary coat of primer, on the other hand do the sanding work with 200 frit sand paper and after that go for the outset coat of paint. Before apply second coat I sand of the paint with 400grit paper and then apply the second surface. Make sure to sand your surface before every new coat of paint and so wipe inoperative the detritus with For my fles, I painted even the linear bearings, pillow block, rod holders and ball nut housing. For painting proficiency, I use atomizer blusher merely at some place I prefer brush for house painting. I also habituate wood filler for filling some minor crack to get smooth land up. For picture metal I apply first coat of primer, and so sanding then paint it.

I also used cover tape to protect that areas where I don't want to paint, lengthways moving bearing, pillow heraldic bearing, gat holder and ball nut housing from inside only thusly that it rest clean and don't break up me during the installation process.

Step 19: Wire Management

Transmission line management is the one of the authoritative point to make your CNC looks bully and tidy. IT makes your project pleasurable and you also get rid of cable television tangling. There are many projects in the grocery store to debar cable tangling and makes satisfactory telegraph management. You can use goose egg ties to tie your cable some your machine and improve its overall look. Followers are the material which I used to improve my cable management: -

1) Nada ties

2) Shrinkable sleeves

3) Cable tray

Step 20: Finally................................!!!!!!!!

Hera is the Test Run of my CNC Router.

Here you can see my CNC from All angles.I tried to show you every aspects of my CNC. If you have any quarry smel free to ask...

1 Person Made This Project!

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